FAULTS are divided in mainly 3 Classes
1. Faults in Auxiliary Equipments.
The following can be considered as auxiliary equipments of the transformer
• Transformer oil
• Gas cushion
• Oil pumps and forced air fans
• Core and winding insulation.
2. Winding Faults.
There may be faults between adjacent turns or parts of coils such as phase to phase faults. Another fault may be fault to ground or across complete winding such as phase to earth-faults on the HV and LV external terminals.
3. Over-loads and External Short Circuits.
Excessive overloading will result in deterioration of insulation and subsequent failure. Over-loads may be sustained for long periods, being limited only by the permitted temperature rise in the winding and the cooling medium.
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